引言

在BMW更新了PHEV召回原因以后，福特也進(jìn)一步在之前充電模塊損壞的說(shuō)法之后更新了說(shuō)法，直接定位到電池的問(wèn)題。福特的說(shuō)法是這樣的：We have identified that cell contamination in the drive battery system was the cause of the issue that a small number of Kuga PHEV vehicles experienced.

01

定位原因

1） 定位原因和處理措施 根據(jù)這一次官方的說(shuō)法，這就是直接把問(wèn)題歸咎到電芯生產(chǎn)工藝，也就是歸因到了SDI的一段時(shí)期的電芯生產(chǎn)上。而且最好的解決方案就是進(jìn)行直接替換，這個(gè)工作等于把所有的電池系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行替換 Given the potential serious consequences that could arise from this we have decided to install a new drive battery pack to your vehicle. we anticipate being able to commence work in late December and will continue until all work has been completed， which likely will take until March.

2）帶來(lái)的損失 目前看來(lái)，福特一方面要提供維修旗艦的替代車(chē)型，一方面要提供500歐元左右的油卡。We will minimise the inconvenience to our customers by arranging to pick up and deliver their affected vehicles from their home or place of work and will provide them with a courtesy car whilst their vehicle is being updated should our customers so require As a goodwill gesture to acknowledge the inconvenience caused to our affected customers and loss of the fuel economy benefit they were expecting from their vehicle， they will shortly receive the complementary fuel card as previously communicated 按照這樣的估計(jì)，給客戶(hù)的500歐，給經(jīng)銷(xiāo)商估計(jì)也要對(duì)應(yīng)300-500歐的費(fèi)用，加上整個(gè)包按照14kWh，按照200歐元/kwh來(lái)計(jì)算，這個(gè)費(fèi)用可能要超過(guò)3000歐元。總的損失為1.08億歐元，好在PHEV的電池系統(tǒng)總歸成本還是在可控范圍內(nèi)。

02

PHEV電池的問(wèn)題

從目前來(lái)看，PHEV電芯出這種問(wèn)題，歸因于制造層面的問(wèn)題是相對(duì)可以理解的。隨著電芯能量密度的提升，電芯成本的下降，電池的安全邊際是逐步下降的。PHEV模組設(shè)計(jì)中，是完全不做熱失控防護(hù)的，原有的設(shè)計(jì)邏輯是PHEV電池不會(huì)燒毀，是建立在25Ah、37Ah和51Ah的電芯能夠做到電芯本身能過(guò)穿刺，電芯具備相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的魯棒性。如近期NHTSA也開(kāi)始對(duì)通用的77842臺(tái)Bolt BEV進(jìn)行調(diào)查，因?yàn)檫_(dá)到一定量之后，偶發(fā)的起火事故會(huì)帶來(lái)很大的抱怨和投訴。

我個(gè)人理解，在海外事故率相對(duì)比較低的原因是迭代速度沒(méi)有國(guó)內(nèi)這么快，一年需要更新一種設(shè)計(jì)，而積累數(shù)量久了，如果整包沒(méi)有有效的熱失控防護(hù)措施，電芯制造出問(wèn)題或者使用久了出問(wèn)題，引發(fā)的起火事故也會(huì)逐步在后期上升。這個(gè)目前是在歐美市場(chǎng)逐步上量能直接面對(duì)的問(wèn)題，從2021年開(kāi)始海外市場(chǎng)從NCM622逐步切換到NCM811的電池會(huì)多起來(lái)。

小結(jié)：目前短期內(nèi)車(chē)企給出的召回原因往往都是不是真正的直接的原因，小樣本下概率發(fā)生的事故很難做重復(fù)性的確認(rèn)。需要重復(fù)發(fā)生到3-4例以后才能有比較確信的調(diào)查結(jié)果。

責(zé)任編輯：haq